Graphene is integrated into the formula during production, enhancing the membrane’s properties, such as increased strength, permeability, and chemical resistance.

Graphene offers higher porosity, greater fiber strength (<200N), improved anti-fouling properties, and longer lifespan, all while maintaining similar flux.

Ceramic membranes are typically made from materials like alumina, zirconia, titanium oxide, known for their durability and resistance to harsh conditions.

Porous ceramic membranes available with a pore size ranging from 0.005 to 0.5 μm cover microfiltration and ultrafiltration.

Yes, they have a long service life, and reduce chemical use due to efficient cleaning.

Yes, microfiltration and ultrafiltration membranes can effectively remove bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms.

They can be cleaned with acidic, alkaline, or oxidizing solutions and even steam for sterilization.

Physical impacts, pressure shock, or improper handling can cause damage.

Yes, they perform well in separating solids from liquids with high-solid-content feeds.

Yes, they are highly effective in separating oil from water due to their chemical resistance and hydrophilic properties.

Yes, they are used in pretreatment processes before reverse osmosis systems in seawater desalination.

They can handle a wide pH range, typically 0-14, making them ideal for harsh environments.

Microfiltration (MF): Used for separating larger particles and suspended solids.

Ultrafiltration (UF): Typically used for finer filtration, capturing smaller particles and bacteria

• Regular maintenance and cleaning of membranes to reduce fouling.

• Monitoring and adjusting aeration rates to ensure proper biomass growth.

• Using appropriate chemicals for cleaning and maintaining membrane performance.

• Implementing advanced control systems for better monitoring and optimization of the process.

Suntar’s spiral wound MF and UF membranes are typically used in non-water applications, including the extraction, purification, and concentration of various biopharmaceutical, food and beverage, and chemical products. Suntar’s spiral wound NF and RO membranes are used in both water and non-water applications .

Yes, we have worked with F&B, Pharma and Biotech companies for process applications which require sanitary grade membranes and systems and also provided pure water solutions for beverage companies as well.

The membranes are typically made from Polyethersulfone, Polysulfone, Polyamide. 

The feed stream passes through the membrane layers, where unwanted solutes are rejected, and purified product (permeate) flows into the central collection tube.

Performance is influenced by factors such as:

• Membrane type (RO, NF, UF, MF)

• Operating pressure and temperature

• Feed water composition and fouling potential

• Recovery rate

Pre-treatment (e.g., filtration, antiscalants), regular cleaning (CIP), and operating within design limits can minimize fouling issues like scaling, biofouling, or particulate fouling.

Cleaning frequency depends on fouling rates and water quality but is typically once every 3-6 months or when a performance drop is observed (e.g., pressure increases or permeate quality decreases).

• Chemical or physical damage during operation or cleaning

• Fouling or scaling

• Operating outside recommended pressure, pH, or temperature ranges

Minor leaks or fouling issues can be addressed with proper cleaning or sealing, but major damages (e.g., ruptures) typically require membrane replacement.

Perform chemical cleaning to restore the permeate flowrate. 

Graphene is integrated into the PVDF formula during production, enhancing the membrane’s properties, such as increased tensile strength, permeability, and chemical resistance.

Graphene offers higher porosity, greater fiber strength (<200N), improved anti-fouling properties, and longer lifespan, all while maintaining similar flux.

Pressurized UF operates under higher pressure in enclosed modules, offering higher flow rates. In contrast, submerged UF is immersed in open tanks and relies on suction or low-pressure pumps. Typically, submerged UF is used for larger-scale applications, while pressurized UF is more suited for situations requiring higher flow rates in enclosed systems. Each system has its unique advantages depending on the scale and requirements of the application.

UF process operates by forcing water through a semipermeable membrane with pore sizes typically ranging from 2 to 100 nanometers, achieving a molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) between 1000 Da to 100,000 Da.

Backwash: Regularly reverses the flow to remove trapped particles.
Chemical Cleaning-In-Place (CIP): Periodic cleaning using chemicals to remove fouling and scaling

Pressurised UF membranes typically have pore sizes ranging from 0.01 to 0.1 microns, making them effective for removing particles, bacteria, and some viruses.

Pressurised UF membranes are made from polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and graphene-enhanced PVDF.

• Biofouling (microbial growth)

• Scaling (mineral deposits)

• Particulate fouling (suspended solids)

• Organic fouling (natural organic matter)

• Acidic cleaners (e.g., hydrochloric acid, citric acid) for scale removal

• Alkaline cleaners (e.g., sodium hydroxide) for organic fouling

• Biocides for biofouling control

Membrane integrity is monitored using pressure decay tests (PDT), turbidity measurements, or particle counters to ensure consistent performance.

Pretreatment typically includes screening to remove large debris and coagulation/flocculation to reduce fouling potential.

• Feedwater quality

• Flow rate requirements

• Recovery targets

• Fouling potential

• Operational cost considerations